The correct answer is Metacognition.
Metacognition is the ability to think about your own thinking. It is the ability to reflect on your own cognitive processes, such as your planning, comprehension, and monitoring. Metacognitive thinkers are able to identify their own strengths and weaknesses as thinkers, and they are able to develop strategies to improve their thinking skills.
The other options are not as closely related to the ability to analyze your thought life. Imagination is the ability to create new mental images or ideas. Synthesis is the ability to combine different ideas or information to create something new. Inference is the ability to draw conclusions from information or evidence.
Here are some examples of metacognitive thinking:
Reflecting on your own learning process: What are my strengths and weaknesses as a learner? What strategies can I use to improve my learning?
Evaluating your own arguments: Are my arguments logically sound? Are there any weaknesses in my reasoning?
Monitoring your own understanding: Do I understand the material? Am I able to explain the material to someone else?
Planning your thinking: What are the steps involved in solving this problem? What information do I need to gather? How will I evaluate my solution?
Developing your metacognitive skills can help you to become a more critical thinker. By being aware of your own thinking processes, you can better identify and avoid biases, and you can develop more effective problem-solving and decision-making skills.