Final answer:
Islam spread in Africa through a combination of factors such as education of rulers' sons, the adoption of Islam by Berber Kings, conversion of Swahili merchants, and limited forced conversions by Ottoman armies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Islam spread throughout Africa through a combination of various factors. Sons of wealthy rulers were sent to Arab lands to be educated, where they were exposed to the teachings of Islam and later returned to their homelands as Muslim leaders. Additionally, Berber Kings adopted Islam and their people had to do the same, resulting in the spread of the faith among their populations. Another important factor was the conversion of Swahili merchants by Islamic traders, who brought the religion to East Africa through their interactions and commerce. Lastly, while Ottoman armies conquered parts of Africa, it is worth noting that forced conversions to Islam were less common and widespread than the previous factors mentioned.
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