Final answer:
The interpretation and application of the First Amendment's establishment clause and free exercise clause in Engel v. Vitale and Wisconsin v. Yoder cases.
Step-by-step explanation:
Case: Engel v. Vitale (1962)
In the case of Engel v. Vitale, the Supreme Court ruled that the state-sponsored prayer in public schools violated the First Amendment's establishment clause. The Court found that even a nondenominational prayer was impermissible because it constituted government endorsement of religion. The decision set a precedent that government-sponsored religious activities in public schools are unconstitutional.
Case: Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
In Wisconsin v. Yoder, the Supreme Court held that the state's compulsory school attendance law violated the First Amendment's free exercise clause. The Amish parents argued that attending high school conflicted with their religious beliefs and practices. The Court recognized the Amish religious freedom and found that compelling them to attend high school was not in the state's interest.
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