Final answer:
The fundamental colors that cannot be obtained from a mixture are the primary colors: red, blue, and yellow. Mixtures of these colors produce other hues. The color an object appears depends on the colors it absorbs and reflects.
Step-by-step explanation:
The colors that cannot be obtained from a mixture are the primary colors, which are red, blue, and yellow (Option A). The primary colors have unique wavelengths that cannot be recreated by combining other colors. However, these primary colors can be mixed to produce almost all other color perceptions, such as green, orange, purple, etc. This is based on a simplified theory of color vision that states that various combinations of the primary colors can produce all the hues we perceive.
White light is perceived when a mixture of all the colors, in the proportions present in sunlight, is presented to the human eye. A mixture of two complementary colors in the proper proportions is also perceived as white light. Likewise, the absence of a color in a white light will make the human eye see its complementary color. For instance, when red photons are absorbed from white light, the eyes see the color green.
The perception of color involves absorption and reflection of light. An object appears black if it absorbs all colors of light and it appears white if it reflects all colors of light. When an object has a color, it absorbs all colors except one that it reflects. For example, if an object absorbs everything except red light, it appears red to our eyes.
Learn more about Primary Colors