Final answer:
Major and minor scales have their distinct sound primarily due to their unique combinations of intervals. These patterns give each scale a distinct combination of pitches, which we perceive as their unique timbre or sound 'color'. This distinct sound is not dependent on the instrument or the volume at which the scales are played.
Step-by-step explanation:
The distinct sound of major and minor scales primarily comes from their unique combinations of intervals, not the volume at which they are played or the instruments that play them. This characteristic is the fundamental difference that distinguishes them and gives them their distinct 'feel' even when played on different instruments or at different volumes.
In terms of music theory, a major scale follows the interval pattern of whole, whole, half, whole, whole, whole, half, whereas a minor scale follows the pattern of whole, half, whole, whole, half, whole, whole. This variation in pattern of intervals results in different combinations of pitches for each scale which ultimately contributes to their distinct sound known as the timbre.
The timbre of a sound is more subjective and intangible. It's our perception of a sound's 'color' or 'texture', influenced by factors such as the sound's frequency, amplitude, and timing. But for scales, it is the sequence and combination of intervals that define their unique sound.
Learn more about Musical scales and timbre