Question

Enlightenment Thinker Analysis

Identify the Enlightenment Thinker who authored each excerpt. Highlight evidence in the text to support
Excerpt #1:
your conclusion.
"When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in
the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehensions
may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to
execute them in a tyrannical manner"
Author:
Excerpt #2:
"Men's most superficial feelings lead them to prefer cruel laws. Nevertheless,
when they are subjected to them themselves, it is in each man's interest that they
be moderate, because the fear of being injured is greater than the desire to
injure."
Author:
Excerpt #3:
"The problem is to find a form of association which will defend and protect with
the whole common force the person and goods of each associate, and in which
each, while uniting himself with all, may still obey himself alone, and remain as
free as before.' This is the fundamental problem of which the Social Contract
provides the solution."
Author:
Except #4:
"Virtue supposes liberty, as the carrying of a burden supposes active force.
Under coercion there is no virtue, and without virtue there is no religion. Make a
slave of me, and I shall be no better for it. The sovereign, even, has no right to
use coercion to lead men to religion, which in its nature presupposes choice ar
berty."
uthor:

Answer 1

Montesquieu, Beccaria, Rousseau, and Voltaire were Enlightenment Thinkers who authored the provided excerpts, focusing on themes of liberty, moderation, social contract, and religion.

Step-by-step explanation:

Excerpt #1: The Enlightenment Thinker who authored this excerpt is Montesquieu. He argues that when the legislative and executive powers are concentrated in the same person or body, it threatens liberty because it could lead to the enactment and execution of tyrannical laws.

Excerpt #2: The author of this excerpt is Cesare Beccaria. He suggests that people tend to support harsh laws but when they become subject to those laws themselves, they realize the importance of moderation. It is in the self-interest of individuals to have moderate laws to prevent harm.

Excerpt #3: Jean-Jacques Rousseau authored this excerpt. He states that the main problem is to find a form of association that protects the individual's person and goods while allowing them to remain free. According to Rousseau, the Social Contract provides a solution to this problem.

Excerpt #4: The author of this excerpt is Voltaire. He argues that virtue is only possible in a state of liberty, and coercion undermines virtue. Voltaire also contends that even the sovereign does not have the right to use coercion to force individuals into religion, as religion requires freedom of choice.

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