Final answer:
The Hebrews developed monotheism, the Phoenicians excelled in maritime trade, the Chaldeans made advancements in astronomy and mathematics, and the Persians established a strong administrative system.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ancient Hebrews
One major accomplishment of the ancient Hebrews was the development of monotheism, the belief in a single, all-powerful God. This religious concept was a significant departure from the polytheistic beliefs of other ancient civilizations and has had a lasting impact on the Abrahamic religions that followed.
Phoenicians
The Phoenicians were renowned for their advanced maritime skills and trading networks. They established colonies and controlled important trade routes throughout the Mediterranean Sea, spreading their influence and knowledge of navigation, shipbuilding, and commerce.
Chaldean Empire
The Chaldean Empire, also known as the Neo-Babylonian Empire, excelled in astronomy and mathematics. They developed sophisticated astronomical observatories and made significant contributions to the study of celestial bodies, such as the discovery of the 19-year lunar cycle known as the Saros cycle.
Persian Empire
One major accomplishment of the Persian Empire was the establishment of a vast and well-organized administrative system. They implemented a network of satraps, or provincial governors, to maintain control over their vast territory, ensuring stability and efficient governance.
Learn more about accomplishments of later Mesopotamian civilizations