Final answer:
When the Earth is moving counterclockwise, it refers to its rotation on its axis which causes day and night. Other effects, like the apparent motion of the Sun and the Coriolis effect, are also connected to this rotation.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the Earth is moving counterclockwise, it refers to the rotation of the Earth on its axis. The Earth completes one counterclockwise rotation on its axis approximately every 24 hours, causing day and night. This rotation is responsible for various phenomena, such as the apparent motion of the Sun and the Coriolis effect.
Learn more about Earth's rotation