Final answer:
Metals are shiny and conductive, nonmetals are dull and poor conductors, and metalloids have properties of both. Lithium and carbon are representative elements, while platinum and promethium are transition elements. Iodine is chemically similar to bromine and chlorine, barium is similar to strontium and calcium, and iron is similar to cobalt and nickel.
Step-by-step explanation:
General Characteristics of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals: Metals are typically shiny, malleable, and conductive. They have a tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions in chemical reactions. Examples of metals include copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and sodium (Na).
Nonmetals: Nonmetals are generally dull, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity. They have a tendency to gain electrons and form negative ions in chemical reactions. Examples of nonmetals include oxygen (O), sulfur (S), and carbon (C).
Metalloids: Metalloids, also known as semimetals, have properties that are intermediate between metals and nonmetals. They have both metallic and nonmetallic characteristics. Examples of metalloids include silicon (Si), arsenic (As), and germanium (Ge).
Representative Elements and Transition Elements
Representative Elements: Representative elements, also known as main-group elements, are located in the s and p blocks of the periodic table. They have predictable and characteristic properties.
Transition Elements: Transition elements, also known as transition metals, are located in the d block of the periodic table. They have variable oxidation states and often exhibit colored compounds.
a. lithium (Li): Representative Element
b. platinum (Pt): Transition Element
c. promethium (Pm): Transition Element
d. carbon (C): Representative Element
Elements with Similar Chemical Properties
a. iodine (I): Elements with similar chemical properties include bromine (Br) and chlorine (Cl).
b. barium (Ba): Elements with similar chemical properties include strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca).
c. iron (Fe): Elements with similar chemical properties include cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni).
Learn more about Characteristics of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids; Representative and transition elements; Elements with similar chemical properties