Final answer:
The Romans improved the mortar recipe by adding volcanic ash, increasing its strength and durability. They also developed techniques for using mortar to create arches and vaults.
Step-by-step explanation:
The major contribution the Romans made to the mortar recipe was the addition of volcanic ash, known as pozzolana, to the mixture. This increased the strength and durability of the mortar, making it more resistant to water damage and improving the overall stability of the construction. The Romans also perfected the technique of using mortar to create arches and vaults, allowing for more ambitious architectural designs.
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