Final answer:
Galileo Galilei adopted a heliocentric solar system model that contradicted the prevailing beliefs of the Catholic Church, resulting in a decree stating that such a doctrine was 'false and absurd'. Despite these pressures from the Church, Galileo continued to make significant contributions to science.
Step-by-step explanation:
The treatment of Galileo Galilei by the Catholic Church contrasted starkly with his interaction with the Venetian Senate. In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, Galileo accepted the Copernican hypothesis of a heliocentric solar system. This belief was not popular in Roman Catholic Italy, with the Church authorities still defending Aristotle and Ptolemy's concept of Earth as the universe's center. Challenging these beliefs and educating the public in Italian rather than scholarly Latin were actions deemed audacious, leading to the Church issuing a decree in 1616 that the Copernican doctrine is 'false and absurd'.
This action was mainly due to Galileo and his controversial views. Despite this, Galileo continued his scientific advancements, including developing the telescope and making significant astronomical discoveries. While Galileo's revolutionary ideas were not appreciated by the Church, they had a significant impact on science and our understanding of the universe.
Unfortunately, information about his relationship with the Venetian Senate is more limited, and thus a comparison cannot be thoroughly drawn. However, his groundbreaking work as a scientist has resonated across centuries, marking a pivotal turning point in humanity's understanding of its place in the universe.
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