Answer:
The development of settled agriculture relied on both innovation and diffusion in Africa, the Americas, and Europe. In Africa, innovations such as iron tools and plows allowed for more efficient farming, while the diffusion of crops like bananas and yams from Southeast Asia to Africa improved agricultural practices. In the Americas, indigenous peoples developed innovative techniques such as terracing and irrigation, while the diffusion of crops like corn and potatoes from Mesoamerica transformed agriculture in North America. In Europe, innovations such as the heavy plow and crop rotation allowed for increased food production, while the diffusion of crops like rice from Asia improved agricultural practices.