Question

As magma heats in the mantle, it becomes __________ and begins to __________. This results in the magma traveling to the crust where it cools and becomes rock. a) Solidify, crystallize b) Liquid, boil c) Molten, flow d) Freeze, evaporate

Answer 1

Correct answer is 'c) Molten, flow'. Magma becomes molten and begins to flow within the mantle, eventually traveling to the crust where it cools and becomes igneous rock.

Step-by-step explanation:

As magma heats in the mantle, it becomes molten, and begins to flow. This change in state results in the magma traveling toward the crust, where upon reaching it and cooling, forms igneous rock. There are several processes that can cause melting of rock to create magma, including:

• Decrease in pressure at tectonic divergent boundaries (decompression melting)
• Adding volatiles such as water which reduces the melting temperature (flux melting)
• Introducing additional heat, such as from mantle plumes (conduction)

The behavior and characteristics of magma and igneous rocks depend on where and how they cool. Plutonic or intrusive igneous rocks take thousands of years to cool and form big crystals deep below the earth's surface, whereas volcanic or extrusive igneous rocks cool rapidly on the earth's surface forming fine-grained rocks like basalt.

Answer 2

As magma heats, it becomes molten and begins to flow, eventually cooling and solidifying into rock. Rock melts to become magma under certain conditions like an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or the addition of water to lower the melting temperature. This process is critical in forming various types of igneous rocks.

Step-by-step explanation:

As magma heats in the mantle, its physical state changes. Specifically, it becomes molten, which is a liquid state, and due to this reduction in density, starts to flow upwards. This upward movement allows the magma to travel to the crust where the cooler temperatures cause the magma to cool and eventually solidify into rock.

The conditions required for rock at point "X" to melt and become magma include an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, either of these factors in combination, or changing the melting temperature of the rock itself by adding water, which lowers its melting temperature. This sets the stage for magma to form and eventually rise through the crust, creating igneous rocks through processes such as decompression melting, flux melting, or simply the addition of heat from mantle plumes or hot spots. Igneous rocks that cool below the earth's surface, with sufficient time, form large crystals, leading to coarse-grained rocks like granite, while those that cool rapidly on the surface produce fine-grained rocks such as basalt.