Final answer:
The maximum energy that can be transferred to the nail is 9.8 Joules.
Step-by-step explanation:
In this scenario, the energy transferred to the nail can be calculated using the principle of conservation of energy. The potential energy of the hammer when it is at a height of 0.5 m can be converted into kinetic energy as it falls. Since no heat is generated, the maximum energy transferred to the nail is equal to the initial potential energy of the hammer.
The potential energy (PE) of the hammer can be calculated using the formula PE = mgh, where m is the mass of the hammer (2 kg), g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²), and h is the height (0.5 m).
So, PE = 2 kg × 9.8 m/s² × 0.5 m = 9.8 Joules.
Therefore, the maximum energy that can be transferred to the nail is 9.8 Joules.
Learn more about energy transfer