Final answer:
Convergent boundaries involve subduction and the formation of trenches, volcanic arcs, and mountain ranges. At divergent boundaries, plates pull apart and create rift valleys. Magma also breaks through the crust to form new oceanic crust.
Step-by-step explanation:
At Convergent Boundaries:
- Subduction: This occurs when one tectonic plate is forced beneath another plate as they collide. It leads to the formation of trenches, volcanic arcs, and mountain ranges.
At Divergent Boundaries:
- Plates pulling apart: Divergent boundaries occur when tectonic plates move away from each other. This movement results in the formation of rift valleys, where the lithosphere stretches and pulls apart, creating space for magma to rise and form new crust.
- Magma breaks through crust: As the plates separate at divergent boundaries, magma from the asthenosphere rises to fill the gap, breaking through the crust and forming new oceanic crust.
Learn more about Plate Tectonics