An information system is a combination of hardware, software, and telecommunication networks that people build to collect, create, and distribute useful data, typically in an organization. The components of an information system are as follows:
1. Computer Hardware: Physical equipment used for input, output, and processing. The hardware structure depends upon the type and size of the organization. It consists of an input and an output device, operating system, processor, and media devices. This also includes computer peripheral devices.
2. Computer Software: The programs/ application program used to control and coordinate the hardware components. It is used for analyzing and processing of the data. These programs include a set of instruction used for processing information. Software is further classified into 3 types: System Software, Application Software, and Procedures.
3. Databases: Data are the raw facts and figures that are unorganized that are later processed to generate information. Softwares are used for organizing and serving data to the user, managing physical storage of media and virtual resources. As the hardware can’t work without software the same as software needs data for processing. Data are managed using Database management system. Database software is used for efficient access for required data, and to manage knowledge bases.
4. Network: Networks resources refer to the telecommunication networks like the intranet, extranet, and the internet. These resources facilitate the flow of information in the organization. Networks consist of both the physical devices such as networks cards, routers, hubs, and cables and software such as operating systems, web servers, data servers, and application servers. Telecommunications networks consist of computers, communications processors, and other devices interconnected by communications media and controlled by software. Networks include communication media, and Network Support.
5. Human Resources: It is associated with the manpower required to run and manage the system. People are the end-user of the information system, end-users use information produced for their own purpose, the main purpose of the information system is to benefit the end-user. The end-user can be accountants, engineers, salespersons, customers, clerks, or managers, etc. People are also responsible to develop and operate information systems. They include systems analysts, computer operators, programmers, and other clerical IS personnel, and managerial techniques.