Final answer:
The correct answer is (b) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown, who defined culture as "essentially a response to human needs." He believed that culture is a set of practices and institutions that emerge in response to the basic needs of individuals and groups.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is (b) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown.
R.A. Radcliffe-Brown, an influential British social anthropologist, defined culture as "essentially a response to human needs." He believed that culture is a set of practices and institutions that emerge in response to the basic needs of individuals and groups.
For example, food and shelter are essential human needs, so cultures may develop specific cuisines and architectural styles to fulfill those needs. Similarly, social relationships and communication are fundamental human needs, which give rise to various forms of language, norms, and rituals in different cultures.
Learn more about Definition of culture