Final answer:
Atherosclerosis is the process where arteries become hard and stiff due to too much pressure, leading to various cardiovascular problems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process by which arteries become hard and stiff as a result of too much pressure is called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis occurs when the inner lining of the arteries, called the endothelium, becomes damaged due to factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol levels, and inflammation.
When the endothelium is damaged, it allows substances like cholesterol to build up in the walls of the arteries, forming plaques. Over time, these plaques can harden and narrow the arteries, reducing blood flow and causing various cardiovascular problems.
For example, if the coronary arteries (arteries that supply blood to the heart) are affected by atherosclerosis, it can lead to angina (chest pain) or even a heart attack.
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