Final answer:
The horizons in a soil profile represent different layers of soil with distinct characteristics. Horizon A is the topsoil and rich in organic matter and minerals. Horizon O forms from organic materials and contributes to soil fertility. Horizon B undergoes minimal change, while Horizon C is most affected by the soil formation process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The horizons in a soil profile represent different layers of soil with distinct characteristics. Horizon A is the topmost layer and is often called the topsoil. It is rich in organic matter and minerals, making it conducive for plant growth. Horizon O is formed from the accumulation of organic materials, such as dead leaves and plant debris. It is located above Horizon A and contributes to soil fertility. Horizon B is the subsoil layer and undergoes minimal change compared to the other horizons. It contains minerals leached from Horizon A and organic matter transported from Horizon O. Lastly, Horizon C is the layer most affected by the soil formation process. It consists of partially weathered parent material and serves as the transition zone between the soil and underlying bedrock.
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