Answer:The psychologist who developed the concept of archetypes and the collective unconscious is Carl Jung (B). Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who was a student of Sigmund Freud. He believed that the collective unconscious, a part of the unconscious mind, contains inherited or universal elements shared by all humans. Archetypes, according to Jung, are universal symbols, patterns, or themes that are present in the collective unconscious and manifest in myths, dreams, and cultural symbols. Jung's concept of archetypes suggests that these universal patterns and symbols shape our thoughts, behaviors, and perceptions. Examples of archetypes include the hero, the wise old man, the trickster, and the shadow. By studying and understanding archetypes, Jung aimed to explore the deeper layers of the human psyche and promote self-awareness and personal growth. His work on archetypes has had a significant influence on fields such as psychology, literature, and mythology.