Final answer:
The continents moved from being part of Pangaea to their current locations through plate tectonics, which describes the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates. This movement caused the continents to split apart and drift to their present positions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The continents went from being part of Pangaea, a supercontinent, to their current locations through the process of plate tectonics. Plate tectonics is the theory that describes the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates. Over millions of years, these plates have moved and continue to move, causing the continents to split apart and drift to their present positions.
For example, the continents of North America and Europe were once joined together but have since separated due to the movement of the North American and Eurasian plates.
Some evidence of this movement can be seen in the matching shapes of the coastlines of different continents and the presence of similar fossils on currently separated land masses.
Learn more about Plate Tectonics