Answer:
The philosopher who argues that humans have no direct duties toward nonhumans but advocates treating animals with care is Immanuel Kant.
Step-by-step explanation:
Kant's moral philosophy is primarily anthropocentric, meaning it focuses on human beings and their moral duties to one another. He argues that moral duties are based on rationality, and since animals lack rationality and moral agency, they are not bearers of moral rights or direct moral duties. However, Kant still believed in treating animals with care and respect. He argued that cruelty to animals is morally wrong, not because animals have intrinsic moral value, but because humans who engage in cruelty toward animals may develop a callous and cruel disposition, which can harm their moral character. In other words, treating animals poorly could lead to treating other humans poorly, and that's why it's important to show kindness and care towards animals. This view is often referred to as the "indirect duty" or "duty of humanity" toward animals in Kantian ethics.
Remember the three categorical imperatives of Kant's deontological ethics!