Answer:
1.it would require additional evidence and a more rigorous study design, such as experimental studies or controlled experiments, to demonstrate a direct cause-and-effect relationship between the number of concessions sold and the number of people in attendance at a concert.
Step-by-step explanation:1. Third variable: There could be a third variable influencing both the number of concessions sold and the number of people in attendance. For example, if the concert is by a popular artist, it could attract a larger audience, and as a result, more concessions may be sold. In this case, the popularity of the artist is the common cause of both variables.
2. Reverse causation: It is also possible that the relationship is reversed, meaning that the number of concessions sold could be causing the number of people in attendance. For example, if the concessions at the concert are highly rated and well-known, it could attract more people to attend the concert.
3. Coincidence: Sometimes, a correlation between two variables can occur purely by chance, without any causal relationship between them. It's important to consider other factors and conduct further research before concluding a cause-and-effect relationship.