Final answer:
The ruling in Schenck v. United States used the phrase 'Clear and Present Danger.' General John J. Pershing led the AEF soldiers during WWI. The Second Battle of the Marne was a major turning point in WWI, using trench warfare and various weapons.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the ruling in Schenck v. United States, the four-word phrase used was 'Clear and Present Danger.' This phrase was part of the famous quote by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., who said, 'The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent.' The ruling established that certain forms of speech can be restricted if they pose a clear and present danger to society.
AEF Soldiers and John J. Pershing
The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) during World War I were led by General John J. Pershing. He commanded the AEF and played a significant role in leading the American forces in Europe. Pershing is known for his leadership and ability to adapt U.S. forces to the tactics of trench warfare used during the war. His leadership was crucial in the successful deployment and coordination of American troops.
Major Battle and Style of Fighting
The major battle that was a turning point in World War I was the Second Battle of the Marne. This battle, which took place in July 1918, marked the first significant German defeat on the Western Front. It halted the German advance and marked the beginning of a series of Allied offensives that ultimately led to the end of the war.
In terms of weapons and fighting style, World War I saw the use of trench warfare and a variety of weapons. Trench warfare involved soldiers digging deep, fortified trenches and engaging in combat from within those positions. Some of the weapons used during the war included rifles, machine guns, artillery, poison gas, and tanks. The war also saw the introduction of new technologies and tactics, such as aerial warfare and the use of chemical weapons.
President Woodrow Wilson's plan for peace was called the Fourteen Points. It was presented to the U.S. Congress in 1918 and outlined Wilson's vision for post-war international diplomacy and a lasting peace. The plan sought to address various issues, including territorial disputes, self-determination for nations, and the establishment of a League of Nations. The plan did not explicitly blame any specific country for the war.
Learn more about Schenck v. United States, AEF Soldiers, World War I battles, Weapons and fighting style, President Wilson's peace plan