Final answer:
John Locke believed in natural rights, Rousseau emphasized the social contract, and Adam Smith advocated for laissez-faire economics while Montesquieu proposed the separation of powers.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Locke: Natural Rights: John Locke believed in the concept of natural rights, which include life, liberty, and property. He emphasized that these rights are inherent and should be protected by the government.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Social Contract: Rousseau's idea of the social contract suggests that individuals should form a government based on the general will of the people. He believed in the idea of a direct democracy where citizens have a say in decision-making.
Adam Smith: Laissez-faire: Smith is known as the father of modern economics. He advocated for a free market system and minimal government intervention in the economy.
Baron de Montesquieu: Separation of Powers: Montesquieu proposed the idea of separation of powers in government. He believed that dividing power among three branches—legislative, executive, and judicial—would prevent tyranny and maintain a balance of power.
Learn more about Enlightenment thinkers