Senate:
- Requirements: Must be at least 30 years old, a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident of the state they represent at the time of election.
- Representation: Each state, regardless of its size or population, is represented by two senators.
- Unique Powers: The Senate has the sole power to approve foreign treaties and cabinet and judicial nominations, including appointments to the Supreme Court. It also has more influence on foreign policy.
House of Representatives:
- Requirements: Must be at least 25 years old, a U.S. citizen for at least seven years, and a resident of the state they represent at the time of election.
- Representation: The number of representatives per state is determined by the state’s population, with a total of 435 Representatives.
- Unique Powers: The House has the unique power to initiate all revenue-based legislation. Any proposal to raise taxes must come from the House, with Senate review and approval. It also has the power to start impeachment proceedings.