Final answer:
Hypnosis as a social phenomenon refers to the concept that individuals under hypnosis are fulfilling the role and social expectations of a hypnotized person. They retain control over their actions and memories. The nature of their response is more related to their understanding of how a hypnotized person should behave rather than an altered state of consciousness.
Step-by-step explanation:
Those who view hypnosis as a social phenomenon are proponents of the social-cognitive theory of hypnosis. This theory posits that individuals under hypnosis are not in an altered state of consciousness, but rather they are fulfilling the role and social expectations of a hypnotized person. The actions and responses of hypnotized individuals are therefore influenced by their own beliefs about how they should behave when hypnotized.
Contrary to popular misconceptions, hypnotized individuals usually retain control over their actions and have clear memories of their experience. The effects of hypnosis—such as potential enhancements to memory or skill—are usually modest. Hypnosis may be effective on individuals who are very receptive to suggestion and studies found that hypnotic states can alter brain functioning. However, the use of hypnosis in therapeutic practices is distinct from its portrayal in popular media and entertainment.
The premise of hypnosis acting as a social phenomenon is seen in various cultural practices. In certain cultures, individuals might enter a voluntary trance state, adopting a particularly defined role, influenced by spiritual beliefs and expectations. Anthropological and psychological views suggest that cultural and individual expectations shape the nature of these trance states, thus highlighting the social-cognitive facet of hypnosis.
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