Final answer:
Charles Darwin's 'The Origin of Species' shattered the beliefs of Renaissance humanists and Enlightenment philosophes by introducing the theory of evolution through natural selection.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is: It shattered the harmonious worldviews of both Renaissance humanists and Enlightenment philosophes.
The Origin of Species written by Charles Darwin in 1859, presented the theory of evolution through natural selection, which challenged the traditional beliefs of the time. It greatly impacted the fields of biology and anthropology and influenced the understanding of life's diversity and the relationship between humans and other species.
This historical work did not emphasize or promote the pre-eminence of human beings, reflect Darwin's atheistic beliefs, or introduce the concept of 'social Darwinism'.
Learn more about The impact of Darwin's 'The Origin of Species' on traditional beliefs