Final answer:
Federalism and separation of powers are key features of the Indian Constitution. Federalism refers to the division of powers between the central and state governments, while separation of powers involves the division of powers among the three branches of government. These features ensure a balance of power and prevent any one entity from becoming too powerful.
Step-by-step explanation:
Federalism and the separation of powers are key features of the Indian Constitution that help distribute power and ensure a system of checks and balances. However, they differ in their focus and implementation.
Federalism in the Indian Constitution refers to the division of powers between the central government and the state governments. It allows for the autonomous functioning of both levels of government, where each has its own set of powers and responsibilities. For example, the central government has the authority to make laws on subjects like defense and foreign affairs, while the state governments have powers over subjects like education and public health.
Separation of powers in the Indian Constitution refers to the division of powers among the three branches of government - the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. Each branch is independent, has separate powers, and serves as a check on the other branches. For example, the legislature is responsible for making laws, the executive implements them, and the judiciary ensures their constitutionality. This helps prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.
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