Answer:
15. The region of the world that was least affected by the Age of Exploration was C. Africa.
During the Age of Exploration, which took place from the 15th to the 17th centuries, European powers embarked on voyages of discovery and colonization, seeking new trade routes, resources, and territories. While this period had a significant impact on various regions across the globe, Africa experienced relatively less direct influence compared to other parts of the world.
One of the main reasons for Africa's limited involvement in the Age of Exploration was its geographical location. The continent's vast size and diverse landscapes made it challenging for European explorers to navigate and penetrate deep into its interior. Additionally, Africa's coastline lacked natural harbors and navigable rivers, making it less attractive for European powers seeking strategic ports for trade and colonization.
Furthermore, Africa had already established extensive trade networks prior to the arrival of Europeans. The trans-Saharan trade routes connected North Africa with sub-Saharan regions, facilitating the exchange of goods such as gold, salt, ivory, and slaves. These existing trade networks meant that Europeans did not have to venture deep into Africa to access valuable resources.
Another factor that contributed to Africa's limited involvement in the Age of Exploration was the resistance put up by African kingdoms and empires. Many African states had well-organized military forces and were able to defend their territories against European incursions. For example, the Songhai Empire in West Africa successfully resisted Portuguese attempts to establish control over their territories.
It is important to note that while Africa may have been less directly affected by the Age of Exploration compared to other regions, it did experience some consequences. The arrival of Europeans led to increased slave trade as African captives were forcibly transported across the Atlantic to work on plantations in the Americas. This devastating practice had long-lasting effects on African societies and continues to shape their history and development.
In conclusion, C. Africa was the region of the world least affected by the Age of Exploration due to its geographical challenges, existing trade networks, and resistance from African kingdoms and empires.
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