Question

AP® REVIEW QUE

Multiple-Choice Questions
Questions 1-3 refer to the passage below.
"The Mestizos are the descendants of Spaniards and
Indians. . . . Some are, however, equally tawny with
the Indians themselves, though they are distinguished
from them by their beards: while others, on the con-
trary, have so fine a complexion that they might pass
for Whites, were it not for some signs which betray
them, when viewed attentively. These marks ... make
it very difficult to conceal the fallacy of their complex-
ion. The Mestizos may be reckoned a third part of the
inhabitants."
3
Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa, Spanish naval
officers; A Voyage to South America, 1776.
1. Which of the following is an accurate interpretation of
the document?
(A) Spanish colonies strictly enforced segregation
laws.
(B) Europeans only interacted with Amerindians
professionally.
(C) Spaniards made up a majority of the population in
South America.
(D) Intermarriage between Spaniards and
Amerindians blurred racial lines.
2. The situation described in the document led to
(A) a new form of social hierarchy in South America.
(B) greater freedoms for women of all backgrounds.
(C) a greater sense of egalitarianism.
(D) a resurgence of the Inka Empire.
How did th

Answer 1

1. An accurate interpretation of the document is that (D) intermarriage between Spaniards and Amerindians blurred racial lines. The passage describes the Mestizos as the descendants of Spaniards and Indians. It states that some Mestizos have a tawny complexion similar to the Indians, while others have a fine complexion that could make them pass for Whites. However, certain signs or marks can reveal their mixed heritage upon closer observation. The passage indicates that the Mestizos make up a significant portion of the population, around one-third of the inhabitants. This suggests that intermarriage between Spaniards and Amerindians led to a blending of racial lines and the emergence of a mixed-race population.

2. The situation described in the document led to (A) a new form of social hierarchy in South America. The intermarriage between Spaniards and Amerindians and the resulting Mestizo population challenged traditional social hierarchies based solely on racial categories. The emergence of Mestizos with mixed heritage created a new social group that did not neatly fit into existing racial classifications. As a result, a new form of social hierarchy developed to accommodate this mixed-race population and address the complexities of their racial identities. This new social hierarchy likely included a range of social and economic positions for Mestizos, with some achieving higher status and others facing discrimination and marginalization.

Step-by-step explanation: