Final answer:
The term for the narrowing of the coronary arteries due to a buildup of fatty deposits is atherosclerosis. It is a condition where plaques build-up within arterial walls, hindering blood flow and resulting in conditions such as ischemia and hypoxia, and causing angina pectoris.
Step-by-step explanation:
The narrowing of the coronary arteries due to a buildup of fatty deposits is termed as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, a form of arteriosclerosis, is a condition where plaques, constituted by fatty material including cholesterol, connective tissue, white blood cells, and some smooth muscle cells, accumulate within the arterial walls. This build-up hinders the flow of blood and reduces the flexibility of the arteries. If the coronary arteries become blocked due to this, it restricts blood flow to the tissues, leading to a condition known as ischemia, which causes hypoxia, or insufficient oxygen supply to the cells. Angina pectoris characterizes the pain resulting from this limited oxygen supply to the heart muscle. If left untreated, atherosclerosis can cause major cardiac complications like myocardial infarction or a heart attack.
Learn more about Atherosclerosis