Final answer:
B) Reactivity is the term that describes how an individual's behavior might change when they're aware they're being observed or measured. This can skew the results of a study, particularly those relying on naturalistic observation. It's separate from other research concerns such as reliability and validity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options provided, B. Reactivity is the potential problem when measuring behavior which causes changes in an individual's behavior when he or she is aware of being measured. Reactivity refers to individuals modifying their behavior due to the knowledge that they're being observed. For example, in a study on work productivity, if participants know they're being watched, they may work harder than they usually do, thus affecting the authenticity of the data gathered. This is distinct from the other choices which deal with issues of consistent results (reliability), the accuracy of the tool used for measurement (validity), and the coming together of two things to form one (convergence).
Learn more about Reactivity