I apologize that your question hasn't been answered yet, hopefully it isn't too late.
Answer:
d. fixed calipers are the most common type used in passenger vehicles.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fixed calipers are not the most common type used in passenger vehicles. Floating calipers are more commonly used in many passenger vehicles. Floating calipers are designed to move or "float" laterally to apply even pressure on the brake pads, whereas fixed calipers remain stationary during braking. Fixed calipers are often used in high-performance or sports cars, but in the context of the majority of passenger vehicles, floating calipers are more common.