Question

during photosynthesis, how is the light energy that strikes the cell transformed into the chemical energy stored in sugars? energy is transferred directly to sugars, with no intermediates. energy is transferred to sugars through intermediates such as h2o, o2, and co2. energy is transferred to sugars through intermediates, such as chloroplasts. energy is transferred to sugars through light-dependent reactions.

Answer 1

Light energy from the sun is transformed into chemical energy during photosynthesis through a two-step process. Initially, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy as ATP and NADPH during the light-dependent reactions. Then, the Calvin cycle utilizes this energy to synthesize glucose out of carbon dioxide.

Step-by-step explanation:

Transformation of Light Energy to Chemical Energy in Photosynthesis

During photosynthesis, light energy is transformed into the chemical energy stored in sugars through a two-stage process involving light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions. In the first stage, the light-dependent reactions, energy from sunlight is captured by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts and converted into a temporary chemical energy form as molecules of ATP and NADPH. The light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle, then use the energy from these molecules to fix carbon dioxide (CO₂) into glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆).

The process begins when energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast, which results in the production of energy carriers ATP and NADPH. These carriers then transfer the energy to the Calvin cycle, where it is used to convert CO₂ into glucose. This multistep pathway ensures that light energy is efficiently converted into the chemical energy within the bonds of glucose molecules.

Answer 2

The correct answer is: "energy is transferred to sugars through intermediates, such as chloroplasts."

During photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments in chloroplasts, which are specialized organelles in plant cells. This light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into glucose and other sugars through a series of complex chemical reactions.

These reactions occur in two main stages: the light-dependent reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts and convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle), which occur in the stroma of the chloroplasts and use the ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions to synthesize sugars from CO2.

So, energy is transferred to sugars through intermediates like chloroplasts and the chemical reactions they house.