Final answer:
Stomata are mostly found on the underside of a leaf to facilitate gas exchange and reduce water loss through transpiration. Light intensity, temperature, humidity, and plant type affect stomata distribution.
Step-by-step explanation:
In botany, stomata are tiny openings mostly found on the underside of a leaf. They function as gateways for gas exchange, allowing carbon dioxide to enter for photosynthesis and oxygen to exit during respiration. The concentration of stomata on the lower leaf surface helps prevent excessive loss of water through transpiration, as it is shielded from direct sunlight and wind.
On the top side of the leaf, the presence of less stomata assists in reducing water loss and protects the plant from high temperatures and excessive sunlight that occurs at the leaf surface exposed to direct sunlight. The distribution of stomata is influenced by factors such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, and the type of plant.
Learn more about Distribution and function of stomata on leaves