Answer:
A speech act where the intended meaning or outcome is not directly encoded in the utterance is known as an indirect speech act.
In an indirect speech act, the speaker conveys their intended meaning or performs a particular action indirectly, relying on the context and shared knowledge between the speaker and the listener. The true meaning or intention is implied rather than explicitly stated.
For example, if someone says, "It's cold in here," the surface meaning is a statement about the temperature. However, the speaker's intended meaning might be a request for someone to close the window or turn up the heat. The listener is expected to infer the underlying intention based on the context and shared knowledge.
Indirect speech acts often rely on social conventions, politeness strategies, and pragmatics to effectively convey the intended meaning. They require the listener to interpret the speaker's intended meaning by considering the context, relationship between the speaker and listener, and cultural norms.
In summary, an indirect speech act is when the intended meaning or outcome is not explicitly stated in the utterance, requiring the listener to infer the true intention based on context and shared knowledge.
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