Final answer:
The exact amount of energy that an electron must absorb or emit to move up or down energy levels is called a quantum.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes the exact amount of energy that an electron must absorb or emit to move up or down energy levels is quantum. In the context of atomic structure, a quantum refers to the discrete packets of energy that electrons can gain or lose. These energy packets are related to the electron transitioning between different energy levels within an atom.
Learn more about Energy levels in atomic structure