Final answer:
Elements of follow-the-leader lawmaking include closed rules, committee markup, and omnibus appropriations bills, which all highlight the influence of party leadership over the legislative process. The filibuster allows for delay in legislation but isn't directly tied to follow-the-leader tactics. Multiple referral and ping-ponging are other aspects of modern legislation that diverge from the traditional committee-based process.
Step-by-step explanation:
Elements of follow-the-leader lawmaking generally refer to legislative tactics and procedures that emphasize the control of party leadership over the passage of bills. Notable elements within the modern legislative process include closed rules, which restrict debate and amendments to bills; committee markup, where committee members review and modify bills; and omnibus appropriations bills, which bundle numerous measures into a single bill that is difficult to amend. While the filibuster is a significant aspect of Senate procedure known for allowing a minority to delay or prevent voting on a bill, it does not directly reflect a follow-the-leader approach.
Up until recent decades, bills followed a more traditional committee-centered legislative process. However, the modern process has seen party leaders assert greater influence through various means, including the budget process and special rules restricting debate. This has also seen the use of tactics like multiple referral, to divide authority over bills among different committees, and ping-ponging, where legislation quickly moves back and forth between the House and Senate for amendments.
The veto is a power held by the President to reject legislation, which can be overridden by a two-thirds majority in both the House and Senate, but it is not inherent to follow-the-leader lawmaking as it is more about the executive-legislative balance of power.