Answer:
The irradiation of a clean metal surface with light of different wavelengths can result in various effects depending on the properties of the metal and the wavelengths involved.
1. **Photoelectric effect**: If the metal surface is irradiated with light of a specific wavelength that exceeds the metal's threshold frequency, electrons in the metal can be ejected. This phenomenon is known as the photoelectric effect. The energy of the photons (particles of light) is transferred to the electrons, allowing them to overcome the attractive forces holding them in the metal and escape.
2. **Absorption and reflection**: When light of different wavelengths interacts with a metal surface, it can be absorbed or reflected based on the properties of the metal. Certain wavelengths may be absorbed more strongly by the metal, causing it to heat up. Other wavelengths may be reflected, leading to the perception of color or brightness. The specific behavior depends on factors such as the metal's electron configuration and the energy levels available for absorption.
3. **Interference and diffraction**: When light waves interact with a clean metal surface, they can undergo interference and diffraction. Interference occurs when two or more waves combine, leading to constructive or destructive interference. This can result in patterns of light and dark regions, such as those observed in thin film interference or the interference of light waves reflecting from a metal surface. Diffraction refers to the bending and spreading out of light waves as they encounter obstacles or openings, such as slits or edges on the metal surface. These phenomena can be observed in experiments like Young's double-slit experiment or with diffraction gratings.
To summarize, when a clean metal surface is irradiated with light of different wavelengths, it can lead to effects such as the photoelectric effect, absorption and reflection of light, as well as interference and diffraction. The specific outcome depends on factors like the metal's properties, the wavelength of the light, and the experimental conditions.