Final answer:
When Tony is in a bad mood, he interprets his parents' comments as criticisms. When he's in a good mood, he interprets the same types of parental comments as helpful suggestions. This best illustrates that our emotional states influence the process of encoding.
Step-by-step explanation:
The best answer to the question is B) Encoding.
When Tony is in a bad mood, he interprets his parents' comments as criticisms, while when he's in a good mood, he interprets the same types of parental comments as helpful suggestions. This illustrates that our emotional states influence the process of encoding, which is the process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory.
Encoding is influenced by various factors, including emotional states. Our emotions can affect how we perceive and interpret information, leading to different encoding processes in different emotional states. In the case of Tony, his interpretation of his parents' comments is influenced by his emotional state, leading to different encoding of the same information.