Final answer:
Leibig's method is used to estimate the percentage of Carbon and Hydrogen in a compound. The formulas to find the percentages are provided along with a labelled diagram of the apparatus. Additionally, the differences between inductive effect and electromeric effect are explained.
Step-by-step explanation:
(a) Leibig's method is used to estimate the percentage of Carbon and Hydrogen in a compound. The apparatus consists of a combustion tube, a delivery tube, a Liebig condenser, and absorption tubes containing appropriate reagents. The formula to find the percentage of Carbon is:
Percentage of Carbon = (Volume of CO2 × 12) / (Weight of the compound)
Similarly, the formula to find the percentage of Hydrogen is:
Percentage of Hydrogen = (Volume of H2O × 2) / (Weight of the compound)
(b) The inductive effect refers to the electron-donating or withdrawing effect of a substituent group on a neighboring group in a molecule. On the other hand, the electromeric effect involves the shift of a shared pair of electrons towards one of the atoms as a result of the complete transfer of π or double bond electrons.
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