Answer:
The population density and distribution differ significantly between the Himalayan region and the areas surrounding the River Ganges for several reasons:
Topography: The Himalayan region is characterized by rugged, mountainous terrain, making it less suitable for dense human habitation. In contrast, the areas around the River Ganges are generally flat and fertile, ideal for agriculture and settlements.
Agriculture: The plains near the River Ganges are one of the most fertile regions in the world, thanks to the nutrient-rich soil deposited by the river. This supports a high population density because it allows for productive agriculture. The Himalayan region has limited arable land, which supports fewer people.
Accessibility: The Himalayas are remote and have fewer roads, limiting the accessibility and thus the population. The Ganges region, with better transportation networks, can sustain a much larger population.
Climate: The harsh climate of the Himalayan region — cold temperatures, heavy snowfall, and thin air — makes it less hospitable for large human populations. The Ganges region, being mostly subtropical, is more conducive to human habitation.
Economic Activities: The Ganges Plain is a hub of industrial activity and commerce, attracting a larger population for job opportunities. The Himalayan region, while rich in natural resources, does not offer the same level of economic opportunities.
Cultural Significance: The Ganges River has significant cultural and religious importance, attracting people for reasons beyond just economic and agricultural viability.
Urbanization: Cities like Delhi, Varanasi, and Kolkata are situated along the Ganges and are densely populated. In contrast, cities in the Himalayan region are fewer and generally have smaller populations.
So, when it comes to population, the areas surrounding the River Ganges are much more densely populated compared to the sparsely populated Himalayan regions