Final answer:
Divergent evolution gives rise to the greatest biodiversity in a given biome.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of evolution that gives rise to the greatest biodiversity in a given biome is divergent evolution. Divergent evolution refers to the development of different forms or species from a common ancestor, leading to increased diversity in a particular environment. This occurs when a population becomes isolated and adapts to different ecological niches or habitats.
For example, in the Galapagos Islands, various species of finches evolved from a common ancestor to occupy different niches and develop specialized beak shapes suited for different types of food. This diversification helps maximize the utilization of available resources in the environment.
In contrast, convergent evolution refers to the development of similar traits in unrelated species due to similar environmental pressures. While it can result in similar forms and adaptations, it does not necessarily contribute to overall biodiversity as much as divergent evolution does.
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