Answer:
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat, work, energy, and the properties of matter. It describes how energy transfers and undergoes various transformations in physical systems.
The second law of thermodynamics, often stated in several ways, can be summarized as follows: "In any energy exchange, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state." In simpler terms, it means that heat naturally flows from hotter to colder objects, and that the overall entropy (measure of disorder or randomness) of a closed system tends to increase over time. This law implies that energy tends to disperse or become less organized if it's not actively maintained or directed, and it underlies concepts like the irreversibility of natural processes and the impossibility of achieving 100% efficiency in energy conversions.