Final answer:
The Xiongnu, Scythians, and Parthians had political arrangements similar to the Mongols before Genghis Khan.
Step-by-step explanation:
The political arrangement of the Mongols before the rise of Genghis Khan can be best compared to the political arrangement of the Xiongnu society. Similar to the Mongols, the Xiongnu were a nomadic group that had a hierarchical and decentralized political structure. They were organized into tribes, each led by a chief, and there was no central government or empire.
Another society that had a political arrangement similar to that of the Mongols before Genghis Khan is the Scythians. The Scythians were also a nomadic group with a decentralized political structure. They had chieftains who governed specific territories, but there was no central authority or empire.
Lastly, the Parthians had a political arrangement that shares similarities with the Mongols before Genghis Khan. The Parthians were also nomadic and were organized into a confederation of tribes, each ruled by a chieftain. They did not have a centralized political structure but instead had a loose confederation of tribes.
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