Final answer:
Jimmy Carter's re-election run in 1980 was hurt by the economy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is D. the economy. In 1980, the United States experienced a severe economic recession, characterized by high inflation and unemployment rates. This economic downturn, coupled with the Iran hostage crisis, created a challenging environment for Jimmy Carter's re-election campaign. Voters were dissatisfied with the state of the economy and held Carter responsible for the economic hardships they were facing.
Learn more about Jimmy Carter's re-election in 1980