The route of a sperm cell from production to fertilization in flowering plants involves its production in pollen grains, transportation within a pollen tube to the ovule where it fertilizes an egg, with one cell forming a diploid zygote, and the other forming a triploid endosperm.
In flowering plants, the route of a sperm cell from production to fertilization begins at the male part of the plant, the stamen, where the male gametes are produced in pollen grains. This is facilitated by a structure within the stamen known as the anther. Once pollen grains, containing the sperm cells, land on the female part of the plant, the stigma, they form a pollen tube which extends and grows down the style, entering the ovary where the ovules are located.
The generative cell within the pollen grain divides to form two sperm cells, which are transported down the pollen tube. These sperm cells reach the embryo sac within the ovule, and one of these sperm cells fertilizes the egg cell, forming a diploid zygote. The other sperm cell fuses with polar nuclei, forming a triploid cell that develops into the endosperm, a food storage tissue. This process is known as double fertilization.
In conclusion, the route of a sperm cell in a flowering plant involves several steps from the production of the sperm cell within pollen grains, to its transport to the site of fertilization via a pollen tube, and culminates with double fertilization within an ovule in the ovary.
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