Final answer:
The factors that led to the full-scale revolution in Russia include the czars' policies, industrialization, the Russo-Japanese War, 'Bloody Sunday', World War I, and the March Revolution. The Bolsheviks gained and held political control through the November Revolution, the civil war between the Red and White armies, and the organization of Russia into republics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Factors that led to the full-scale revolution in Russia:
- Policies of the czars: The czars' autocratic rule and oppressive policies led to widespread discontent among the Russian people.
- Industrialization and economic growth: The rapid industrialization and uneven economic growth resulted in poor working conditions, inequality, and a growing proletariat.
- The Russo-Japanese War: The humiliating defeat in this war exposed the weaknesses of the Russian government and further fueled discontent.
- 'Bloody Sunday': The violent suppression of a peaceful protest by the czar's troops on January 22, 1905, deepened the divide between the government and the people.
- World War I: The hardships and losses endured during the war intensified popular resentment, leading to a loss of support for the czarist regime.
- The March Revolution: Mass protests and strikes in February 1917 forced Nicholas II to abdicate, marking the end of the Romanov dynasty.
Factors that helped the Bolsheviks gain and hold political control:
- November 1917 Revolution: The Bolsheviks' successful seizure of power in October/November 1917 established their authority and laid the foundation for their rule.
- Civil war between the Red and White armies: The Bolsheviks' Red Army emerged victorious in the civil war, consolidating their control over Russia.
- Organization of Russia into republics: The Bolsheviks' implementation of a centralized Soviet government structure helped them maintain political control.
Learn more about Causes and outcomes of the Russian Revolution