Final answer:
The Articles of Confederation summarized the philosophy toward the national government by stating "each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence".
Step-by-step explanation:
The document that summarized its philosophy toward the national government by stating "each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence" is the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States, adopted in 1781, and it created a decentralized government with limited powers to preserve the sovereignty of the states.
Learn more about Articles of Confederation